Clinical Trials & Scientific Studies on Vervain 

1. Anxiolytic & Sedative Effects (Anxiety & Sleep Support)
-Study: Calvo, M. I., et al. (2011). Antidepressant-like effects of Verbena officinalis in mice. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(5), 443-448. 
 - Findings: Vervain extract exhibited sedative and antidepressant-like effects in mice, possibly due to flavonoids and glycosides.  
 - Limitations: Animal study (not yet replicated in humans).  

Study: Soulimani, R., et al. (1994). Neurotropic action of the hydroalcoholic extract of Verbena officinalis. Planta Medica, 60(01), 50-53.  
  - Findings: Demonstrated calming effects in animal models, supporting traditional use for nervous system relaxation.  
  - Limitations: No human trials conducted.  

2. Digestive & Anti-inflammatory Properties 
- Study: Speroni, E., et al. (2007). Anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing activity of Verbena officinalis.  Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110(3), 569-575.  
  - Findings: Showed anti-inflammatory and wound-healing effects in animal models, suggesting potential digestive benefits.  
  - Limitations: Not tested specifically for digestive disorders in humans.  

3. Respiratory Support (Traditional Use for Coughs & Colds)
- Study: Nunes, C. D. R., et al. (2019). Verbena officinalis: A review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 245, 112-140.  
  - Findings: A review study noted historical use for respiratory conditions, but clinical trials are lacking.  
  - Limitations: Mostly in vitro (lab-based) or animal studies.  

4. Antimicrobial & Liver Support (Detoxification Claims)
- Study: Al-Snafi, A. E. (2016). Chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Verbena officinalis. International Journal of Pharmacy, 6(1), 34-42.  
  - Findings: Some antibacterial and liver-protective effects in animal models, but no direct human clinical trials confirm detox benefits.  
  - Limitations: Preliminary research only.